Setting or changing the key signature is done with the \key
command
\key pitch type
Here, type should be \major or \minor to get
pitch-major or pitch-minor, respectively. You may also
use the standard mode names (also called “church modes”): \ionian,
\locrian, \aeolian, \mixolydian, \lydian,
\phrygian, and \dorian.
This command sets the context property
Staff.keySignature. Non-standard key signatures
can be specified by setting this property directly.
Accidentals and key signatures often confuse new users, because unaltered notes get natural signs depending on the key signature.