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In order to make parts of a crescendo hairpin invisible, the following method is used: A white rectangle is drawn on top of the respective part of the crescendo hairpin, making it invisible. The rectangle is defined as postscript code within a text markup.
The markup command with-dimensions
tells LilyPond to consider only
the bottom edge of the rectangle when spacing it against the hairpin.
The property staff-padding
prevents the rectangle from fitting
between the hairpin and staff.
Make sure the hairpin is in a lower layer than the text markup to draw the rectangle over the hairpin.
Beat grouping within a measure is controlled by the beatStructure
context property. Values of beatStructure
are
established for many time signatures in file
scm/time-signature-settings.scm
. Values of beatStructure
can be changed or set with \set
.
Alternatively, \time
can be used to both
set the time signature and establish the beat structure.
For this, you specify the internal grouping of beats in a measure
as a list of numbers (in Scheme syntax) before the time signature.
\time
applies to the Timing
context, so it will not
reset values of beatStructure
or baseMoment
that are set
in other lower-level contexts, such as Voice
.
If the Measure_grouping_engraver
is included
in one of the display contexts, measure grouping signs will be
created. Such signs ease reading rhythmically complex modern music.
In the example, the 9/8 measure is grouped in two different
patterns using the two different methods, while the 5/8 measure
is grouped according to the default setting in
scm/time-signature-settings.scm
: